Iburch
(2015) suggested in "Pharmaceutical Disposal" that to prevent
contamination of water sources due to "common” pharmaceutical disposal
which causes health problems to lives, legislation is helpful. Iburch claims
flushing of medications is common and drugs are detected in the water resources
of New York State and Connecticut. Studies support his idea by detecting drugs
in 80% of water sources tested by an organisation called USGS. Iburch notes water treatment plants
cannot filter out the medications. These medications affect aquatic life,
especially the amphibians. He mentions studies showing a spawning problem and a
drop of fertility in aquatic lives caused by the medications. Iburch believes
that to prevent such contamination, safe and convenient medication disposal is
the key. Laws such as the Secure and Responsible Drug Disposal Act, which
promotes “drug take-back”, have been passed and ways are provided to dispose
the drugs safely. However, the causes he listed for the problem are not
comprehensive. Furthermore, his claim of an effect of the medication on aquatic
life lacks direct evidence to support the validity.
Iburch’s
argument is not comprehensive when he talks about the ways to solve the contamination
of pharmaceuticals in water. The recommendation of not to flush the
pharmaceuticals into the toilet and legislation are the possible ways. However,
Iburch does not discuss about the root cause of the problem. For instance,
pharmaceuticals may not be used because people purchase them in large amounts
unnecessarily. Just to talk about flushing and providing ways for safe disposal
are not enough for this situation. Sealing the bags containing pharmaceutical
wastes as suggested by scientists from Harvard Medical School (2011) also means
that the bags that are not sealed may cause the same problem of contamination even
if the pharmaceuticals are not disposed into the water. Furthermore,
pharmaceuticals for external application or in skincare products and perfumes
(Harvard Medical School, 2011) may be used. These pharmaceuticals may be washed
away from the skins, ending up as the contaminants in water. In addition, they
are also secreted through human skins or with human waste into the water (Fallik, 2013). In these
situations, not to flush the pharmaceuticals into the toilet or legislation for
“drug take-back” is not constructive. Therefore, the lack of analysis of the
root causes in such a contamination problem fails to give the readers a
complete picture of the problem. This makes the argument misleading.
In
addition, the data used to show the negative consequences of the pharmaceutical
contaminations to the aquatic life is not convincing
enough. As suggested by Eisenstadt (2005), the abnormality of the aquatic
life can be affected by “weather changes, other chemicals present in the water,
temperature fluctuations, and a host of other variables” in an environment
without high control. Thus, without data that can show the direct relationship
between pharmaceutical contamination and aquatic life, the argument of the
author on the water contamination problem is weak.
In sum,
despite using data to build the link on how pharmaceutical contaminants are
caused and cause other problems, the author should demonstrate a more
comprehensive analysis to show the root causes of the pharmaceutical
contamination and try to show data demonstrating a more proportional and
convincing relationship between the contamination and the environment. However,
regardless of whether pharmaceutical disposal practice is a way for such water
contamination, the contamination in the water sources is an existing and proven
problem.
References
Eisenstadt L. (2005). Drugs in the water. Triplepoint. Retrieved October 1, 2015, from
http://www.bu.edu/sjmag/scimag2005/features/drugsinwater.htm
Iburch (2013). This New study found more drugs in our drinking water than anybody
knew and no one's doing anything about it.
The New Republic. Retrieved October 1, 2015, from
http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115883/drugs-drinking-water-new-epa-study-finds-more-we-knew
Harvard Medical School.
(2011). Drugs in
the water. Retrieved
October 1, 2015, from http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/drugs-in-the-water
Iburch. (2015). Pharmaceutical
disposal. Citizens campaign for the
Environment. Retrieved October 1, 2015, from
http://www.citizenscampaign.org/campaigns/pharmaceutical-disposal.asp
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